Implementation of Time Domain Simulations and Relay Modeling
Virtual Testing for Performance Evaluation and Setting Verification
Settings of protection relays on the Transmission system require number of fault studies to calculate relevant impedances that the relay will be measuring during faults on the network. Steady state fault calculations and analysis used to be sufficient to obtain required fault quantities. Increased series compensation on the ESKOM network and introduction of non-linear metal oxide varistors (MOVs) protection on series capacitors resulted in significant inaccuracies of steady state fault calculations. More
