The changing utility environment characterized with system congestion, increased sensitivity of industrial loads to short circuit faults and other abnormal system conditions leads to the requirements for fast fault clearing and stable behavior of protection relays during wide area system disturbances. Advanced protection functions based on the monitoring of the transient voltage and current signals at the relay location need proper simulation tools for the calculation of their settings and the testing of their performance for a specific application. That is why proper understanding of electromagnetic transient simulation of the behavior of the electric power system is essential for the improvement of the stability of the system. More
