by Alexander Apostolov, PAC World, USA Some of the main characteristics of Smart Grids are the high level of penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the requirements for improved...
Issue 063 March 2023
Cover Art
Cover Story
Featured Articles
Differential Protection of Multi-Ended Transmission Circuits...
by M. Mohemmed, Scottish & Southern Electricity Networks (SSEN), UK, P. Orr, S. Blair, N. Gordon, I. Mckeeman, Synaptec, UK, A. Mohamed, ScottishPower Renewables, UK, and A. Bonetti, Megger...
Commissioning of a 220 kV Four-terminal Line Protection System
by Benjamin Moesslang, illwerkevkw vkw AG, Austria, Marco Bertolini, Vorarlberger Energienetze GmbH, Austria, and Jochen Heimann, Amprion GmbH, Germany The protection system of a four-terminal...
The History of Protection Philosophy for Hydro One Transmission...
by Daniyal Qureshi, Pankaj Sharma, Suzana Arbana, Hydro One, Canada Hydro One Limited, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, is Ontario’s largest electricity transmission and...
Transmission Line Falling Conductor Protection System...
by Chris Bolton, Tariq Rahman, Daniel Dietmeyer, San Diego Gas & Electric Company, and Eric A. Udren, Quanta Technology, LLC, USA Utilities around the world are facing unprecedented levels of...
Solving Line Protection Challenges with Transient-based Relays
by Edmund O. Schweitzer, III, Bogdan Kasztenny, Mangapathirao V. Mynam, Normann Fischer, Armando Guzman, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, USA Fault current characteristics continue to change as...
How Intelligent is AI?
by Fred Steinhauser, OMICRON electronics GmbH, Austria The recent viral news about ChatGPT have put Artificial Intelligence into the public focus. And there is more to AI than just cheating at...
Editorial
Developing Transmission Line Protection for a Changing Grid –...
by Alex Apostolov, Editor-in-Chief For more than a century we have lived in synchronous machines-based electric power systems that we have studied extensively and understand quite well. This has...
Last Word
Transmission Line Protection is Changing
by Alex Apostolov, USA Transmission lines are a very important component of the electric power system because they carry the power from the generating stations to the load centers over large...
The Guru
Interview with PAC World guru Ken Martin
PAC World: When and where were you born? K.M.: I was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA in September 1947. PAC World: Where did you grow up and where did you go to school? K.M.: We moved...
History
Testing Technology in the 1960s (Part 1)
by Walter Schossig, Germany, and Thomas Schossig, OMICRON electronics GmbH, Austria In Germany the VDE Working Group 0435, working on protection, was founded in 1955. It was in 1962 when they...